Effect of GYY4137 on cytosolic lipid decomposition in mouse primary hepatocytes

AIM: To evaluate the effect of GYY4137, a novel hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) donor, on cytosolic lipid decomposition in mouse primary steatosis hepatocytes. METHODS: Oleic acid (OA) was used to induce hepatic steatosis model in vitro. The C57BL/6 mouse primary hepatocytes isolated and cultured by 2-step in situ perfusion were divided into 4 groups:the cells in control group were incubated with normal medium for 54 h; the cells in model group were incubated with OA at 1.2 mmol/L for 48 h followed by serum-free phenol red-free RPMI-1640 for 6 h; the cells in H₂S group or DL-propar-gylglycine (PAG; an inhibitor of cystathione γ-lysase, inhibiting H₂S synthesis) group were incubated with OA at 1.2 mmol/L for 48 h followed by serum-free phenol red-free RPMI-1640 which contained 1 mmol/L GYY4137 or 200 μmol/L PAG for 6 h. The glycerin release and the protein expression of hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) in the cells were mea-sured. RESULTS: Compared with model group, the glycerin release and the protein expression of phosphorylated HSL (p-HSL) in H₂S group decreased significantly, while those increased significantly in PAG group. CONCLUSION: In steatosis hepatocytes, exogenous H₂S possibly decreases cytosolic lipid decomposition by decreasing the protein level of p-HSL.     

大米草中耐盐乳酸菌的分离鉴定及对大米草青贮品质的影响

本试验旨在研究大米草（Spartina anglica Hubb.）中耐盐乳酸菌的分离鉴定及对大米草青贮品质的影响，以期为大米草青贮利用提供技术支持和理论依据。试验采用传统培养法筛选出耐盐浓度为10%的乳酸菌菌株，通过生理生化及16S rDNA序列分析法综合鉴定筛选的菌株，并将其添加到大米草原料中进行青贮效果观察。结果表明：分离获得的42株乳酸菌菌株，耐盐溶度最高为10%的4株乳酸菌均为同型发酵的植物乳杆菌（Lactobacillus plantarum），命名为C1、C2、C3和C4。4株乳酸菌均能提高大米草的青贮发酵品质，其中C4显著提高青贮料的可溶性碳水化合物和粗脂肪含量（P<0.05），显著降低青贮料的氨态氮含量（P<0.05）；另外，C4处理组的干物质含量和乳酸含量显著高于其他3个菌株处理组（P<0.05），中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维、半纤维素和丁酸含量显著（P<0.05）低于其他3个菌株处理组，青贮效果最佳。     

套袋对鸭梨果实香气及糖酸组分的影响

采用静态顶空和气相色谱-质谱联用技术、高效液相色谱技术,研究了生长期套袋对鸭梨果实挥发性成分、糖酸组分等风味物质的组成和含量的影响。结果表明:套袋导致鸭梨香气物质种类减少和相对百分含量降低。套袋鸭梨采收时测定的香气成分有3类18种,其中酯类15种、烯类2种、醇类1种;不套袋鸭梨采收时测定的香气成分有3类26种,其中酯类23种、烯类2种、醇类1种。鸭梨的主要香气成分是乙酸己酯、己酸乙酯、丁酸乙酯。套袋和不套袋鸭梨均检测到3种糖、4种有机酸组分,其中糖组分主要为果糖,其次为蔗糖、葡萄糖,有机酸组分主要为苹果酸,其次为乙酸、柠檬酸、草酸,但不同处理间含量存在差异。     

Identification of organic acid-related genes and their expression profiles in two pear (Pyrus pyrifolia) cultivars with difference in predominant acid type at fruit ripening stage

‘Yandangxueli’ is a pear cultivar with predominant citric acid in the ripe fruit, different from most of pear cultivars such as ‘Gengtouqing’ in which malic acid is the predominant acid type. It was found that ‘Yandangxueli’ accumulated citric acid for three times against that in ‘Gengtouqing’ at fruit ripening stage. To investigate the mechanism of citric acid accumulation in ‘Yandangxueli’, organic acids content, gene expression and enzyme activity were studied in both cultivars. Five genes, Pp:mtCs, Pp:cyAco, Pp:cyIdh, Pp:mtMdh and Pp:cyMe which encoded citric synthase (CS), cytosolic aconitase (cyACO), NADP-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP-IDH), NAD-dependent malate dehydrogenase (NAD-MDH) and NADP-dependent malic enzyme (NADP-ME) respectively, were identified from pear fruit. Their expression profiles and the corresponding enzyme activities were determined throughout fruit development in both cultivars. Results from these enzymes indicated that there were no strict relationship between gene expression, enzyme activity and citric acid accumulation. Expression analysis for two Py:vVAtp genes encoding vacuolar H⁺-ATPase A subunit and one Py:vVpp gene encoding Vacuolar H⁺-pyrophosphatase showed that they were all with up-regulated expression at the later development stage of ‘Yandangxueli’ but with down-regulated expression in ‘Gengtouqing’. Therefore, it is concluded that the different ability in citric acid transportation and storage might be involved in the high citric acid content in ‘Yandangxueli’.     

重庆市涪陵区近10年酸雨变化特征分析

为了解重庆市涪陵区的酸雨变化特征及降水对酸雨pH值的影响，本研究采用2005—2014年涪陵区的酸雨和降水数据，应用统计学方法分析降水与酸雨pH值月、季、年变化的相关性。结果表明：涪陵区酸性降水频率为42.13%，以弱酸性降水为主，自2011年起几乎无强酸性降水发生；酸雨pH值秋季最小、冬季最大，6月最小，7月最大。降水总量、有效降水日数和大量级降水占比都会影响酸雨的月、季、年变化，并不能单独由一个指标来说明酸雨的变化规律；其中，大量级降水占比对酸雨pH值影响最大。上述结果表明，了解降水与酸雨pH值的变化规律为有效防治酸雨和减少酸雨的危害提供了一定的依据。     

High-throughput screening reveals small molecule modulators inhibitory to Acidovorax citrulli

Acidovorax citrulli is a seed-transmitted gram-negative bacterium that can cause substantial economic yield loss in watermelon and melon production worldwide. Four small-molecule libraries containing 4,952 compounds were selected for high-throughput screening against A. citrulli wild-type strain Xu3-14 by evaluation of growth inhibition. One hundred and twenty-seven molecules (2.5% hit rate) were identified as bactericidal or bacteriostatic against A. citrulli at 100 μM. Secondary screens indicated that 27 candidate compounds were more effective against A. citrulli Group II strains than Group I strains (classified using repetitive element PCR). Several compounds were inhibitory to other pathogenic bacteria, including Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis and Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris, but did not affect the growth of plant beneficial bacteria Pseudomonas fluorescens and Bacillus subtilis. More than half of the compounds did not inhibit germination of Arabidopsis or watermelon seeds. The effect of small molecules on A. citrulli seed-to-seedling transmission was evaluated by applying each compound to inoculated watermelon seeds and assessing seedling infection. Nine compounds were chosen for further investigation based on their reduction of percentage seedling infection and compiling scores on their specificity, sensitivity, and phytotoxicity obtained in the secondary screens. The five best compounds were selected (thiamphenicol, nadifloxacin, pipemidic acid, ciclopirox, and zinc pyrithione) for greenhouse tests and were found to effectively reduce the seed-to-seedling transmission of A. citrulli in both artificially and naturally infested seeds. These top five compounds provide a basis for future development of an A. citrulli-specific bactericide.     

Volatile profile,fatty acids composition and total phenolics content of brewers' spent grain by-product with potential use in the development of new functional foods

Brewers' spent grain (BSG) is the insoluble residue generated from the production of wort in the brewing industry. This plant-derived by-product is known to contain significant amounts of valuable components, which remain unexploited in the brewing processes. Therefore, it is essential to develop a more detailed characterization of BSG in order to highlight its potential in developing new value-added products and simultaneously solve the environmental problems related to its discharge. The content of BSG in several biologically active compounds (fatty acids, polyphenols, flavonoids, antioxidant capacity) as well as its volatile fingerprint were assessed and compared with the composition of barley, malt and wheat flour samples. The obtained results emphasized the importance and the opportunities of the re-use of this agro-industrial by-product.     

Research Progress of Effect of Oxidative Stress on Broiler and its Mitigation Technology

Oxidative stress is ubiquitous in livestock and poultry production.When the body is in the situation of harmful stimulation in vitro or in vivo,the oxidation system and antioxidant system are in a state of imbalance,leading to metabolic disorders,which depresses the growth and development of animals,decreases disease resistance and quality of livestock products seriously,and has a negative impact on the production and health of livestock and poultry.So it is important to find an effective measure to alleviate the health of livestock and poultry.Lipoic acid,tea polyphenol,VE and other antioxidants play significant roles in reducing oxidative stress.In this paper,the effects of oxidative stress on broiler and mitigation technology research were outlined.     

不同供磷水平对柱花草和黑籽雀稗根际生理活性的影响

以热带柱花草和黑籽雀稗为材料，通过盆栽试验，研究不同磷水平对其根际酸性磷酸酶、微生物数量及根系活力的影响。结果表明：2种牧草根际酸性磷酸酶(ACP)活性随着磷浓度的增加而降低，在低磷(P0)处理时达最高，柱花草的ACP活性为603.24 mg/(kg·h)，黑籽雀稗为367.21 mg/(kg·h)。当高磷浓度处理时，柱花草根际ACP活性较黑籽雀稗低。各处理中，柱花草的根际微生物总量较黑籽雀稗高，柱花草根际真菌的数量随磷浓度的增加而减少，处理间差异达极显著水平，低磷处理时土壤真菌数量较多，这有利于根瘤菌的形成。2种牧草的根系活力随着施磷浓度的增加而递减。黑籽雀稗根系活力P0处理极显著高于P3和P4处理,显著高于P2处理。黑籽雀稗根系活力受供磷水平的影响大于柱花草。